Elegy written in a country Churchyard Essays

The History of How Cows Were Domesticated

The History of How Cows Were Domesticated As indicated by archeological and hereditary proof, wild dairy cattle or aurochs (Bos primigenius) were likely trained freely in any event twice and maybe multiple times. A remotely related Bos animal types, the yak (Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens) was trained from its despite everything living wild structure, B. grunniens or B. grunniens mutus. As tamed creatures go, cows are among the most punctual, maybe in view of the huge number of helpful items they give people: food items, for example, milk, blood, fat, and meat; auxiliary items, for example, dress and instruments produced from hair, covers up, horns, hooves and bones; fertilizer for fuel; just as burden bearers and for pulling furrows. Socially, steers are banked assets, which can give lady of the hour riches and exchange just as ceremonies, for example, devouring and forfeits. Aurochs were sufficiently critical to Upper Paleolithic trackers in Europe to be remembered for cavern artworks, for example, those of Lascaux. Aurochs were perhaps the biggest herbivore in Europe, with the biggest bulls arriving at shoulder statures of between 160-180 centimeters (5.2-6 feet), with huge frontal horns of up to 80 cm (31 inches) long. Wild yaks have dark upward-and in reverse bending horns and long shaggy dark to brown coats. (All things considered. Taming Evidence Archeologists and scientists are concurred that there is solid proof for two unmistakable taming occasions from aurochs: B. taurus in the close to east around 10,500 years back, and B. indicus in the Indus valley of the Indian subcontinentâ about 7,000 years prior. There may have been a third auroch tame in Africa (likely called B. africanus), around 8,500 years back. Yaks were trained in focal Asia around 7,000-10,000 years back. Ongoing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) concentrates additionally show that B. taurus was brought into Europe and Africa where they interbred with nearby wild creatures (aurochs). Regardless of whether these events ought to be considered as independent taming occasions is to some degree under discussion. Late genomic considers (Decker et al. 2014) of 134 present day breeds underpins the nearness of the three taming occasions, yet additionally discovered proof for later movement floods of creatures to and from the three principle loci of training. Current steers are fundamentally unique today from the most punctual trained variants. Three Auroch Domesticates Bos taurus The taurine (humpless steers, B. taurus) was no doubt trained some place in the Fertile Crescent around 10,500 years prior. The soonest meaningful proof for cows taming anyplace on the planet is the Pre-Pottery Neolithic societies in the Taurus Mountains. One in number strand of proof of the locus of taming for any creature or plant is hereditary assorted variety: puts that built up a plant or creature for the most part have high decent variety in those species; places where the tames were gotten, have lesser assorted variety. The most elevated assorted variety of hereditary qualities in dairy cattle is in the Taurus Mountains. A progressive decrease in general body size of aurochs, an attribute of taming, is seen at a few locales in southeastern Turkey, starting as right on time as the late ninth at Cayonu Tepesi. Little bodied dairy cattle don't show up in archeological arrays in the eastern Fertile Crescent until generally late (sixth thousand years BC), and afterward suddenly. In view of that, Arbuckle et al. (2016) gather that household cows emerged in the upper ranges of the Euphrates waterway. Taurine steers were exchanged over the planet, first into Neolithic Europe around 6400 BC; and they show up in archeological locales as distant as northeastern Asia (China, Mongolia, Korea) by around 5000 years prior. Bos indicus (or B. taurus indicus) Late mtDNA proof for trained zebu (bumped steers, B. indicus) proposes that two significant genealogies of B. indicus are as of now present in current creatures. One (called I1) prevails in southeast Asia and southern China and is probably going to have been trained in the Indus Valley area of what is today Pakistan. Proof of the progress of wild to household B. indicus is in proof in Harappan locales, for example, Mehrgahr around 7,000 years back. The subsequent strain, I2, may have been caught in East Asia, however evidently was likewise tamed in the Indian subcontinent, in view of the nearness of an expansive scope of assorted hereditary components. The proof for this strain isn't totally decisive starting at yet. Conceivable: Bos africanus or Bos taurus Researchers are isolated about the probability of a third taming occasion having happened in Africa. The soonest tamed dairy cattle in Africa have been found at Capeletti, Algeria, around 6500 BP, however Bos remains are found at African locales in what is currently Egypt, for example, Nabta Playa and Bir Kiseiba, as quite a while in the past as 9,000 years, and they might be tamed. Early steers remains have likewise been found at Wadi el-Arab (8500-6000 BC) and El Barga (6000-5500 BC). One noteworthy contrast for taurine cows in Africa is a hereditary resistance to trypanosomosis, the sickness spread by the tsetse fly which causes sickliness and parasitemia in dairy cattle, however the specific hereditary marker for that quality has not been distinguished to date. An ongoing report (Stock and Gifford-Gonzalez 2013) found that albeit hereditary proof for African trained dairy cattle isn't as exhaustive or point by point as that forâ other types of cows, what there is accessible proposes that local steers in Africa are the consequence of wild aurochs having been brought into nearby residential B. taurus populaces. A genomic study distributed in 2014 (Decker et al.) demonstrates that while impressive introgression and rearing practices have modified the populace structure of current dairy cattle, there is as yet reliable proof for three significant gatherings of local steers. Lactase Persistence One ongoing strain of proof for the taming of cows originates from the investigation of lactase diligence, the capacity to process milk sugar lactose in grown-ups (something contrary to lactose narrow mindedness). Most vertebrates, including people, can endure milk as newborn children, however in the wake of weaning, they lose that capacity. Just about 35% of individuals on the planet can process milk sugars as grown-ups without distress, a characteristic called lactase steadiness. This is a hereditary attribute, and it is hypothesized that it would have chosen for in human populaces that had prepared access to new milk. Early Neolithic populaces who trained sheep, goats and cows would not have yet built up this attribute, and likely handled the milk into cheddar, yogurt, and margarine preceding expending it. Lactase determination has been associated most legitimately with the spread of dairying rehearses related with steers, sheep, and goats into Europe by Linearbandkeramik populaces starting around 5000 BC. What's more, a Yak (Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens) The training of yaks may well have made human colonization of the high Tibetan Plateau (otherwise called Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) conceivable. Yaks are amazingly very much adjusted to the dry steppes at high rises, where low oxygen, high sunlight based radiation, and outrageous virus are normal. Notwithstanding the milk, meat, blood, fat, and pack vitality benefits, maybe the most significant yak side-effect in the cool, parched atmosphere is excrement. The accessibility of yak fertilizer as a fuel was a basic factor in considering the colonization of the high district, where other fuel sources are deficient. Yaks have huge lungs and hearts, far reaching sinuses, long hair, thick delicate hide (extremely valuable for chilly climate dress), and hardly any perspiration organs. Their blood contains a high hemoglobin fixation and red platelet tally, all of which make cold adjustments conceivable. Household Yaks The primary distinction among wild and local yaks is their size. Household yaks are littler than their wild family members: grown-ups are commonly close to 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, with guys weighing between 300-500 kg (600-1100 lbs), and females between 200-300 kg (440-600 lbs). They have white or piebald covers and need dark white gag hairs. They can and do interbreed with wild yaks, and all yaks have the high elevation physiology they are prized for. There are three kinds of household yaks in China, in view of morphology, physiology, and land dispersion: a valley type dispersed in the valleys of north and east Tibet, and a few pieces of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces;a level prairie type chiefly found in the high, chilly fields and steppes that keep up a yearly normal temperature beneath 2 degrees centigrade;and white yaks found in pretty much every locale in China. Taming the Yak Authentic reports dated to the Chinese Han Dynasty express that yaks were tamed by the Qiang individuals during the Longshan culture period in China, around 5,000 years back. The Qiang were ethnic gatherings who occupied the Tibetan Plateau borderlands including Qinghai Lake. Han Dynasty records additionally state the Qiang individuals had a Yak State during the Han administration, 221 BC-220 AD, in view of a profoundly fruitful exchange organize. Exchange courses including household yak were recorded start in the Qin administration records (221-207 BC)predating and no uncertainty some portion of forerunners to the Silk Roadand cross-rearing trials with Chinese yellow dairy cattle to make the half breed dzo are depicted there also. Hereditary (mtDNA) contemplates bolster the Han Dynasty records that yaks were trained on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, in spite of the fact that the hereditary information doesn't permit authoritative ends to be drawn about the quantity of taming occasions. The assortment and dissemination of mtDNA are not satisfactory, and it is p

How to increase your reading speed

How to increase your reading speed Best Reading Tips: Is Reading Word by Word a Good Idea? Home›Tips for Students›Best Reading Tips: Is Reading Word by Word a Good Idea? Tips for StudentsBest Reading TipsWe all read often in our daily life, sometimes, without even realizing it. We always want to complete all the documents faster at work; we try to find out the main point of long letters; even if we read for leisure, we try to finish every chapter as soon as possible. We are usually eager to read much faster without missing any precious gems.But is rising up your word-by-word reading speed actually good? The answer is No. Let’s figure out why.When You Read Word by Word It Can Slow You Down from Idea ProcessingWhile reading, your eyes normally stop on every word. It is called fixation. However, it is not the best idea to stop on each word as it slows the reading speed in general and even influences your ability to fully understand the information.Language does not work without the context. It is true that each wo rd has its literal meaning, but the actual thing, which does make it alive, is the context of the text. One word in various contexts can express various meanings. That is why, instead of carefully reading each word separately, it is much more important to understand the context. When you have the context in mind, you understand what kinds of words you have to pay more attention to.Reading Phrase by Phrase Is BetterEnglish readers can read about 2-3 words simultaneously, so one of great reading techniques is to stop at every three words instead of every separate word. You should understand that ideas are not made up of single words. When you are able to read the text phrase by phrase, not word by word, you can understand the general idea of the text better.Skim just for the KeywordsWords play various roles in sentences. Some of them have more important meanings than the others. If you do not focus on every word separately, try skimming to absorb the most meaningful words and ignoring the ones with less important meaning. A subject and a verb do make the sentence complete, and the rest of the elements simply complement the sentence. That is why, for most of the time, it will not be difficult for you to understand the text without absorbing only the keywords.Ideas Are Bigger than Perfect WordsIt is obvious that ideas are made up of words. If you stop reading the text word by word and focus on the very idea you try getting, you start reading much faster.Speeding up reading not just increases your efficiency at work but also allows you to enjoy reading much more!

The Effect Of Information Technology On The Creativity Of...

After reading the article, it is clear that this study was a correlational study between the use of information technologies and creativity in 12 year olds of varying gender and race. The hypotheses that the researcher looked to investigate in this study is that the information technologies in question have some effect on the creativity of 12 year old children. Due to their desire to check for as many confounding variables as possible, there are several variables that define both the participants as well as the technologies themselves. The participants are categorized by Race (Caucasian and African American), Household income (ranging from under $20,000 to over $200,000), and gender. They are also further categorized by their uses of the four chosen information technologies (Video Games, Cell Phones, Computers, and Internet) and the genre of their favorite video game. The genre of the video game was placed into one of six categories being Violent, Action-adventure, Racing/driving, Sp orts, Interpersonal, or Other. The researchers then create four measures of study to compare to the previously mentioned classification. The four measures are four different questions based off of two scenarios given to the children. The first question is based off how creatively they write a story based of a curved shape. The other three questions were based off an image that the children had to create questions for, the possible causes for the situation in the image, and the possible resultsShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Technology Use Hinders Or Heightens Creativity?913 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 21st century, technology is an unavoidable part of most lives. The Internet, mobile phones, computers, laptops, and televisions have become the preliminary mediums for accessing information. Constantly, the media is reporting findings from the scientific community. However, an important distinction must be made between the media and the scientific findings of credible organizations and individuals. Although the popula r press has a larger audience, findings from sound science are less likelyRead MoreThe Impact Of New Social Media Technology On Young People1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of new social media technologies on young people OBSTRACT How the new social media technologies’ impacting on young people in today’s society? The study will examine the positive and negative impact of new media technologies on young people. It will explores on how new media technologies such as computer games, video games, face book, television, twitter, mobile phones, you tube, internet, television, whatsApp, Viber, Snap chat, and other modern technology are playing major role on everydayRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1394 Words   |  6 Pagescreated the first ever piece of technology known to be a ‘video game’. Starting as just a simple adaptation of a tennis game, Higinbotha couldn’t begin to dream of what he had started. Now in 2017, there are more than two-billion video game players world-wide. Just here in the United States, sixty-three percent of households have at least one person that spends over three hours a week dedicated strictly to video games. Today, in the United States, 91% of children between the ages of 2 and 17 playRead MoreOver-dependence on Technology Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world, technology has taken over the lives of many, especially children. Each year younger children are being introduced to new technology to help them learn and grow, but the effects of this may be different from what is expected. Rather than seeing growth, the overuse of technology is leading to many issues, including a decline in creativity, less active lifestyles, and difficulty falling asleep. The growing overdependence on and overuse of technology is affecting young children both mentallyRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Be Banned Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesIn contemporary society, the technology of violent video game become more and more advanced. The effects of media violence on video games has been increasing in people’s daily life. It is still be an issue and have a lot of debate on whether or not violent video games should be banned. In this essay, violent video games can be defined by RWJF Blog Team as those video game which represent violence as the best or only way to resolve conflict.( Pioneering ideas 2010). This essay will discussedRead MoreThe Digital Parent Trap Analysis814 Words   |  4 Pagesculture and technology stories. Technology has greatly progressed with both a negative and positive effect mostly throughout children and the way they put it to use. In Elianas story â€Å"The Digital Parent Trap† consists of many different uses of rhetorical analysis in which help structure her argument about how technology should be introduced to a child at a young age to help them get the best learning and understanding as possible. In her article, Dockterman first describes how technology plays an importantRead MoreTechnology : Overused By Children1740 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology: Overused by Children â€Å"Our children’s digital lives are turning them into much different creatures from us – and not necessarily for the better.† – Dalton Conley, Time Magazine Imagine a world without technology. It is almost impossible to do and might even cause the average Millennial some major anxiety. Every day we use it whether it is our cars, phones, shopping, games and most importantly in the education of students. Homework, class assignments and grades are accessed via blackboardRead MoreThe Postive and Negative Influences of Technology in the Classroom1202 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past few years, education has grown rapidly with the implementation of new technologies, but this growth has been witnessed in both positive and negative ways. When one uses the term ‘technology’, a good number of people automatically think of computers. However, the use of technology in the education sector depends on how new inventions are incorporated into institutions of higher learning. Students are no longer required to use their brains; instead they are taught how to memorize thingsRead MoreDigital And Print Media s Effect On The Self Respect Of The Older Generation1045 Words   |  5 Pagesappearance in Germany in the late 1400 s in the mode of news pamphlets or broadsides (Barber, P. 2014) [1]; and now people are easily capable of getting information through various digital devices such as sophisticated televisions and smart phones. Mass communication, however, is likely to have adverse effects on the way people, especially children and adolescents, perceive knowledge. Although mass media currently provides adults and teenagers with essential opportunities to receive insight into aRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children2629 Words   |  11 PagesModern technology is a worldwide sensation that is captivating more and more people each day. With the accessibility to media applications, there are so many opportunities to learn and reach out to people from all over the world. With media outlets streaming on your mobile phone in a coffee shop or ringing up an order on a tablet, it seems like nothing is truly impossib le. One of the biggest media applications of technology are video games. While this is a phenomenal humankind progression, this is

Essay on Retributive Justice Let the Punishment Fit the...

Crime and punishment has made some tremendous changes since the early modern time of the 1600s. A period where a wife, could be found guilty of being a scold, in other words, nagging her husband. Punishments for this crime consist of the wife being duck into the river or pond using a ducking stool that is said to still exist in Canterbury in Kent. The Scold’s Bridle was another form of punishment us for a nagging wife, she was made to wear this bridle as a form of embarrassment for her actions against her husband. In early modern times the homeless made people uncomfortable and scared because of the change in the land that cause them to move from their traditional rural livelihood and became known as vagabonds. If the homeless†¦show more content†¦Is this cited correctly? Criminal cases should receive punishment according to the severity of the crime. In my research I found the question that ask who decides what a faire punishment should be? No matter what the crime , the debt to society or persons affected, someone has to repay. For some minor thefts, jail time is not really cost effective and appropriate in some cases. Giving them community service, garnishing their wages making them publicly apologize may work for crimes such as littering, public indecent exposure or theft. For the big time thieves, yes, jail is the answer for people that shouldnt be on the streets. If it takes a lifetime in jail for those types of criminals to completely reform themselves, so be it. As theft is one of the 10 commandments, God probably has a more severe punishment in store, but as He is more forgiving than our justice system, I am sure He will give the individual a chance to redeem himself. Does our punishment really fit the crimes? Some would not agree depending on the crime committed. Our society is and has been a more of an eye for an eye when it comes to punishment. In history most view punishment as an â€Å"eye for an eye† to make the punishm ent fit the crimes. Example of this is â€Å"If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. If it kills theShow MoreRelated Kant and the Morality of Anger4094 Words   |  17 Pagesnot comprise a defence of retributive punishment, neither does it imply a rejection of deterrent punishment. The writer suggests that one possible reason for the tendency to advocate punishment of offenders with ever increasing severity can be discovered in the concept of the morality of anger. It is this explanation of the phenomenon that forms the principal burden of the arguments used in this essay. The salient characteristics of the two theories of punishment, which find expression in EnglishRead MoreExamining the Central Ideas Relating to Justice, Law and Punishment1114 Words   |  5 PagesJustice is associated with the notion of treating people equally and fairly. It is an important aspect of the social democracy that contributes to the legal and moral system of society, which implements the necessary laws and punishments. According to Plato reaching human excellence is synonymous with justice. A just state is where individuals work harmoniously together by doing the job for which they are most naturally fitted, whilst philosopher guardians rule to ensure that society maintains aRead MoreJohn Rawls ´ A Theory of Justice Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Rawls’ theory of justice is one of the most interesting philosophies to have emerged in modern times. It was introduced in the 1970s when A Theory of Justice was published. It was revised several times, with the most recent done in the year 1999. Essentially, the Rawlsian philosophy approaches justice according to the idea of fairness. The idea is that justice is a complex concept, and it could differ according to individual circumstance. Rawls contended that all of us are ignorant about ourselvesRead MoreRacism And The American Criminal Justice System1584 Words   |  7 PagesToday, African Americans and other minorities are over-represente d in the criminal justice system, but under-represented politically in the United States of America. Since well before its inception in 1776, the United States of America has been a nation characterized by white supremacy. In fact, modern day America may not exist if not for the taking of land from the Indigenous Peoples on this very premise. Today, many Americans believe they live in a post-racial nation, citing the abolition ofRead MoreThe Relationship Between The Crime Victim and The Criminal Justice System1846 Words   |  8 Pagesfor all intent purposes is gone. There will never be healing, there will never be closure. All is lost forever. Nothing remains - nothing, except your hope for justice and retribution. The death penalty for murder is emotionally charged and subject of great debate. Although survivors of homicide are the ones directly impacted by the crime, the topics of the death penalty and life without parole come exclusively from a societal, rather than an individual perspective. As well, most of the attentionRead MoreCanada Should Focus More on Rehabilitation and Less on Retribution 3217 Words   |  13 Pagesof reward and punishment. That is, when good deeds are done or a person behaves in a desired way they SP are rewarded, or conversely punished when behaviour does not meet the societal norms. Those who defy these norms and commit crime are often punished by organized governmental justice systems through the use of penitentiaries, where prisoners carry out their sentences. The main goals of sentencing include deterrence, safety of the public, retribution, rehabilitation, punishment and respect forRead MoreThe Fictional Movie, And Justice For All By Norman Jewison2226 Words   |  9 Pages†¦ And Justice For All, by Norman Jewison shows many different aspects of social justice along with different social theories that are expressed throughout the movie. In addition to this key players also demonstrate these aspects not only in the court system, but outside the court system. Some key forms of justice are retributive, transformative, and restorative justice, along with real world situations, and different aspects of criminal justice theorists. One of the four major justices that stickRead MoreJuvenile Justice System in Nepal3378 Words   |  14 Pagesterm paper on juvenile justice system in nepal Juvenile Justice System 1. Introduction: Juvenile are the children below the age of 18 years. Nepalese legal system considers a child as juvenile if he is below the age of 16. Those juvenile consider children are not matured mentally and emotionally so the justice system for juvenile and adults are different. The term juvenile justice refers to the legislation norms and standards procedures mechanism and provisionsRead More Finding Morality and Unity with God in Dantes Inferno Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesin God, despite the merciless torture chamber he has to travel through. As Dante attempts to find God in his life, those sentenced to punishment in hell hinder him from the true path, as the city of hell in Inferno represents the negative consequences of sinful actions and desires. Though the punishments invariably fit the crimes of the sinners and retributive justice reigns, the palpable emphasis of fear and pity that Dante imbues on the transgressors illustrates his human tendency to feel sympathyRead MoreThe Morality of Capital Punishment Essay2467 Words   |  10 Pagesthis essay is the moral standing of capital punishment. Taking the teachings of the largest Christian denomination (Catholic) as a starting point, some say that the presentation of capital punishment in the Cate chism of 1992 (#2266) differs surely in restrictiveness from the teaching of the Catechism of 1566. And that the revised Catechism of 1997 is even more restrictive. Leets examine these ane other aspects of the morality of capital punishment. The Catechism (1997) #2267 says, in part

Someone I Admire Free Essays

Among the teachers I have encountered through my school life, Mrs. Smith is the one that I most admire. She was one of my English teachers in junior high. We will write a custom essay sample on Someone I Admire or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast to other teacher’s apathy, her vitality always refreshed the atmosphere in our classroom. Moreover, her enthusiasm and thoughtfulness warms my heart to this day. Mrs. Smith’s charisma won everyone’s appreciation soon after she began teaching us. Since she was not our first English teacher, everyone had a skeptical eye on her in our very first class. Sensing our doubts, she began the class with a guessing-people game. She asked us to write down characteristics about ourselves on a small piece of paper, which was read aloud to the class as a clue to identify the person. We had great fun that day due to her ingenuity to grasp what we wanted. Afterwards, the contempt students used to hold toward her was nowhere to be found. The energy and passion Mrs. Smith possessed when teaching was unbelievable. The more days she spent with us, the more I noticed a distinctive quality of hers that truly amazed me. No matter what the weather was like and how she was feeling, she was always in high spirits when she entered the classroom, as if she was ecstatic to see us. Besides, she encouraged us to interact with her; therefore, the class was by no means serious and tense, but very enjoyable and inspiring. Mrs. Smith used clever techniques to arouse our interest in learning English. Quizzes are an indispensable element of a class, but Mrs. Smith added them with her own illustrations to make them more fascinating. She also printed many handouts, adorned with her amusing drawings, to provide the information missing in the textbook for us. In short, she had the magic to transform something painstaking into something pleasurable. Furthermore; she introduced lots of English songs to us in her class. Whenever we started a new lesson, she would come up with songs whose themes or lyrics were related to what we were learning. The songs were so fantastic that everyone took delight in listening to them and enhancing our vocabulary from the lyrics. Through her instruction, my love for English that year was resurrected. The consideration Mrs. Smith showed us outside of the classroom was moving. The third year of junior high was difficult to most of us, for studying was the only proper thing we could in order to prepare ourselves for high school. Exhausted from the schoolwork, some students were extremely depressed. Mrs. Smith perceived their low spirits and encouraged students to go to her office and talk about their problems. Incredibly, she became the spiritual pillar of the class. Moreover, she intervened in disputes among students and cheered for us in every tournament at sports meets. Another unforgettable thing she did was write a card for every student at Christmas. I was close to tears when she handed the card to me, for no other teacher had ever treated me with the consideration that she did. Mrs. Smith has created the model of an excellent teacher to me. Her teaching skills and attentiveness are etched eternally in my mind. Now when I teach students, I strive for devoting the best of my patience and effort in honor of her. How to cite Someone I Admire, Papers Someone I Admire Free Essays My inspiration is a fictional character and one of the three protagonists of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, Hermione Jean Granger. We will write a custom essay sample on Someone I Admire or any similar topic only for you Order Now One reason I admire her is because she’s got prodigious intellect and cleverness. She also inspires me because she is always so kind to everybody. Hermione was nearly twelve when she first attended Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. She is a Muggle-born, who come from non-magical families. However, she became an overachiever who excels academically. She is the first student to master any spell or charm introduced in classes and even from more advanced years. She is also the first one to be able to cast non-verbal spells. Probably her greatest achievement was when she became a Gryffindor prefect who has been given extra authority and responsibilities by the Head of House and Headmaster in her fifth and sixth years. Another reason I admire her is because she is a very good person. She is sympathetic to others and quick to help them, especially those who are defenceless, such as Neville Longbottom, House-Elves, fellow Muggle-borns, half-giants like Hagrid, and werewolves like Lupin. To sum up, Hermione is my inspiration because she is so intelligent and good. She is an exceptionally talented young witch. She received ten highest marks in eleven Ordinary Wizarding Level Examinations. I always want to be the person that people love and respect as her. . She always keeps her attention focused on the job that must be done. Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve and chivalry and is described as a â€Å"very logical, upright and good† character Hermione is horrified by the cruelty that house-elves suffer, and founds S. P. E. W. the Society for the Promotion of Elfish Welfare, as an effort to gain basic rights for them She begins her post-Hogwarts career by working in the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, where she is instrumental in greatly improving the lives of house-elves; she later moves higher up in the Department of Magical Law Enforcement while ensuring the eradication of oppressive pro-pureblood laws There’s somet hing about her fierce intellect coupled with a complete lack of understanding of how she affects people sometimes that I just find charming and irresistible to write Hermione’s most prominent features include her prodigious intellect and cleverness. She is levelheaded, book-smart and is very good with logic. She is often bossy yet unfailingly dutiful and loyal to her friends—a person who can be counted on Hermione is a person that â€Å"never strays off the path; she always keeps her attention focused on the job that must be done. Hermione has an extremely compassionate side to her personality and is quick to help others, especially those who are defenceless, such as Neville Longbottom, first-years, House-Elves, fellow Muggle-borns, half-giants like Hagrid, and werewolves like Lupin Hermione is also very protective of her friends and values them so much that Rowling has suggested that, if Hermione had looked in the Mirror of Erised, she would have seen Harry, Ron, and herself â€Å"alive and unscathed, and Voldemort finished. [42] Hermione has also learned to ignore what bullies such as Malfoy say to her, often preventing Harry and Ron from retaliating and thinking of some way to outsmart him. She accepts her status as a Muggle-born witch, and states in Deathly Hallows that she is â€Å"a Mudblood and proud of it† Hermione is an exceptionally talented young witch. She received eleven O. W. L. s and ten Outstandings is repeatedly the first student to master any spell or charm introduced in classes and even from more advanced years She is also the first one to be able to cast non-verbal spells despite being born to Muggle parents, Hermione’s magical abilities are innate How to cite Someone I Admire, Papers

Innocence and Justice The Comparison of Characters from Shen Congwen and Huang Chun

The paper argues that the female character described in Shen Congwen’s â€Å"Hsiao-hsiao† can be compared with the male character of Huang Chun-ming’s â€Å"The Drowning of an Old Cat† because of the observed similarities in the characters’ visions of innocence and justice. It is important to focus on this issue because the comparison of the female and male characters who can be contrasted in relation to their ages and experiences is a controversial task, and many persons are inclined to share different points of view regarding the possible similarities while determining the differences clearly. Although it is rather difficult to find similarities while focusing on the characters’ gender and age differences, it is important to concentrate on the fact of how Shen Congwen’s Hsiao-hsiao and Huang Chun-ming’s Uncle Ah-sheng are similar in their discussion of the ideas of innocence, justice, courage, and will, and how the authors emphasize these characters’ qualities to make them more realistic. The approaches of Shen Congwen and Huang Chun-ming to developing the literary work and to conveying the main story’s idea are rather different, but these authors share the similar techniques while presenting the narratives’ main characters. The authors intend to portray the most realistic characters who should possess the most valued qualities to oppose the unjust situations and social issues. Shen Congwen’s Hsiao-hsiao and Huang Chun-ming’s Uncle Ah-sheng can be discussed as innocent in relation to their human nature because they are oriented to preserving the original moral values and principles. From this point, Hsiao-hsiao discusses her problematic life conditions as satisfactory because she performs her duties as a human and social being (Congwen 229). In his turn, Uncle Ah-sheng demonstrates his innocence while believing in justice and intending to prevent the authorities from ruining Clear Spring (Chun-ming 12). Thus, the authors operate the concept of the innocent human nature in order to contribute to proving the idea of their stories and in order to find the balance between depicting the idealized and realistic characters. The characters depicted by Shen Congwen and Huang Chun-ming are not only innocent in relation to their human nature but they are also realistic because they are able to make wrong decisions and to act focusing on their feelings rather than on the moral and rational visions. To criticize the definite aspects of the traditional Chinese society, it is important for Shen Congwen to depict the main female character as rather willful and courageous while following her own path. Thus, while following all the cruel codes of the Chinese society and principles of the married life, Hsiao-hsiao allows being seduced by the other man because of relying on her own sensitive perception and vision of the situation (Congwen 229). Moreover, being pregnant, Hsiao-hsiao succeeds to be rather patient while facing the threat of being cruelly punished. It is possible to note that Hsiao-hsiao is depicted by the author as the embodiment of the opposition to the cruel Chinese traditions and morality based on the Confucius ideals. Thus, describing the possibility of punishment, Shen Congwen ironically states that Hsiao-hsiao â€Å"should have been drowned, but only heads of families who have read their Confucius would do such a stupid thing to save the family’s honor† (Congwen 235). In this case, the action of ‘innocent’ Hsiao-hsiao is challenging and provocative in comparison with the ideas of those persons who rely on the Confucius ideals, and Shen Congwen manipulates these qualities of Hsiao-hsiao’s character in order to argue on the more complex social issues in her narrative. In spite of the fact that the writing style of Huang Chun-ming differs significantly from Shen Congwen’s one, the role of the characters’ depiction to emphasize the narratives’ ideas is discussed by the authors similarly. That is why, it is necessary to refer to Huang Chun-ming’s depiction of Uncle Ah-sheng’s qualities used by the character during his fight for the justice and rights. Hsiao-hsiao’s courage to oppose the moral and social norms is observed in the context of the young woman’s family when Uncle Ah-sheng’s courage to oppose the injustice is observed at the larger social level. Huang Chun-ming concentrates on Uncle Ah-sheng’s courage and confidence while providing his thoughts on the necessity to act and prevent the building of the swimming pool in the community. Thus, the author uses Uncle Ah-sheng’s inner monologue to depict his ideas, â€Å"Won’t this be the end of Clear Spring? I won’t let them get away with it, and I absolutely won’t allow it! I’ll run home and tell the others† (Chun-ming 16). Uncle Ah-sheng can be characterized as determined to prevent the destruction of the sacred spring because he ‘absolutely won’t allow it’, and his activities support his decisiveness. The characters portrayed by Shen Congwen and Huang Chun-ming are also realistic because the authors are inclined to preserve the balance between the demonstration of their righteousness and their obvious weaknesses. Uncle Ah-sheng is as focused on justice as Hsiao-hsiao is focused on finding the right way from the life problematic situations. Thus, the obvious injustice and violation of the villagers’ rights noticed by Uncle Ah-sheng infuriated him, and he â€Å"couldn’t understand why others received the protection of the law for interfering with his and his friends’ actions, while the righteousness of his behavior was considered illegal† (Chun-ming 24). Referring to these Uncle Ah-sheng’s thoughts, it is possible to state that Huang Chun-ming describes his character as rather self-confident because he expresses few doubts about the ‘righteousness of his behavior’. These elements accentuated by Huang Chun-ming are correlated with Shen Congwen’s portrayal of her female character because Hsiao-hsiao is inclined to conclude about the righteousness of the other people’s actions and behaviours while referring to her own experience. However, it is also important to note that, in general, the images of Hsiao-hsiao and Uncle Ah-sheng are quite positive and reflecting the best features of the human nature in order to contribute to the authors’ intentions to depict the realistic situations with involving the realistic characters. In spite of the fact that in their stories, Shen Congwen and Huang Chun-ming present the female and male characters belonging to different age categories, the authors’ approaches to depicting Hsiao-hsiao and Uncle Ah-sheng are rather similar because of the idea to portray the realistic characters who can oppose to the cruelty and injustice of the society because of their inner power, innocence, feeling of justice, courage, and will experienced in many problematic situations. Hsiao-hsiao and Uncle Ah-sheng as they are depicted by the authors are not idealized with references to their morality or righteousness, but they seem to be realistic and powerful because of their true human nature which helps the characters be alive and active while struggling against possible injustice. Works Cited Chun-ming, Huang. â€Å"The Drowning of an Old Cat†. The Taste of Apples. Ed. Huang Chun-ming. USA: Columbia University Press, 2001. 11-31. Print. Congwen, Shen. â€Å"Hsiao-Hsiao†. Modern Chinese Short Stories and Novellas 1919-1949. Ed. Joseph Lau. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981. 227-236. Print. This essay on Innocence and Justice: The Comparison of Characters from Shen Congwen and Huang Chun-ming’s Works was written and submitted by user Dario Snow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Uses of Do

Uses of Do Uses of Do Uses of Do By Maeve Maddox ESL learners sometimes have difficulty with the uses of the verb do. For example, a reader wonders about the use of the -ing form doing: According to what I have learned, â€Å"do† is used with the simple present form of the verb to make a question: â€Å"Do you like pizza?† But I have seen â€Å"do† used with the â€Å"-ing† form of the verb: â€Å"Does closing a scheme for new money pay off?† â€Å"Does shutting furnace vents improve efficiency?† â€Å"Does doing a tattoo hurt?† Please explain. Do may be used as either a main verb or as a helping verb. Its forms are do, did, (have) done, doing. As a main verb, do means â€Å"to carry out some action.† What shall I do about the spoiled fruit? (main verb) Mr. Baxter does odd jobs. (main verb) She did all the cleaning for her mother. (main verb) As a helping verb, do is used to pose questions: Do you live in the neighborhood? (The main verb is â€Å"do live.†) Does your dog know the basic commands? (The main verb is â€Å"does know.†) Didn’t I see you at the Court House yesterday? (The main verb is â€Å"did see.† Do is used both to frame a negative statement and to contradict a negative statement: A: I don’t think you know Charley. (negative statement) B: I do know him. (contradiction) A: I don’t think Mrs. Wong turned off the lights last night. (negative statement) B: She did turn them off. (contradiction) Do is used for emphasis: I do love chocolate chip cookies! Jack certainly does love his Monday night football! The form doing can be used with a helping verb to form a main verb, as in â€Å"She was doing her best not to cry,† but in the examples that puzzle the reader, the -ing form doing is not part of the verb. It is a noun (gerund): Does closing a scheme for new money pay off? (The verb is â€Å"does pay off.† The subject is â€Å"closing a scheme for new money.†) Does shutting furnace vents improve efficiency? (The verb is â€Å"does improve.† The subject is â€Å"shutting furnace vents.†) Does doing a tattoo hurt? (The verb is â€Å"does hurt.† The subject is â€Å"doing a tattoo.† In some contexts, the verb do cannot be replaced. For example, â€Å"What shall I do?† But in many others, it can be replaced by a more specific verb. For example, â€Å"I’m doing the dishes† can be rephrased as â€Å"I’m washing the dishes.† Here are some common expressions that use do as a main verb: do a favor do well/do badly do good/do evil do damage do homework do housework do nothing do research do something do the math do one’s best do 70 miles an hour do time (serve a prison sentence) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Redundant Object Pronouns in Spanish

Redundant Object Pronouns in Spanish Although by definition, pronouns are words that stand for nouns, it is common in Spanish to use a pronoun, particularly an object pronoun, in addition to the noun it stands for. Such use of redundant object pronouns occurs most commonly in the following situations. When the Object of a Verb Precedes the Verb Placing the object before the verb, while certainly common in Spanish (and possible in English to give a sentence literary flavor), can be at least slightly confusing to the listener. So placing a redundant object pronoun helps make it clearer which noun is the subject of the verb. The redundant object pronoun in these cases is mandatory or nearly so, even when the form of the verb (such as it being plural) might seem sufficient to indicate what the subject and object of the verb are. For example, in the sentence El buffet de desayuno lo tenemos de mià ©rcoles a domingo (We have the breakfast buffet from Wednesday to Sunday), buffet de desayuno is the object of the verb tenemos. The lo (which isnt translated but in this case would be the equivalent of it) is redundant but still required. Some examples, with the redundant object and pronoun in boldface: Al presidente le vamos a preguntar quà © es lo que ha ocurrido. Were going to ask the president what it is that has happened.La piscina la encontramos muy sucia. We found the swimming pool very dirty.Los instrumentos los compraron gracias al apoyo financiero de su madre. They bought the instruments thanks to the financial support of their mother. Youll probably come across the redundant object pronoun most often with gustar and verbs similar to gustar, which normally put the object ahead of the verb. Note that when these verbs are used, they are usually translated with the object in Spanish being the subject of the English translation. A Cristal le gusta estar rodeada de gente. Cristal likes to be surrounded by people.A Sakura le encantaba ir al parque a jugar. Sakura loved going to the park to play. To Provide Emphasis Sometimes, especially in Latin America, the redundant pronoun may be used even when the object appears after the verb in order to provide emphasis. For example, in Gracias a ella lo conocà ­ a à ©l (thanks to her, I met him), the lo remains even though the speaker added a à ©l to call attention to the person the speaker met. We might convey a similar thought in English by placing strong stress on him. When the Object of the Verb Is Todo   Although not required, todo (or its variations) as an object is sometimes accompanied by a redundant pronoun that matches it in number and gender. En sus ojos lo puedo ver todo. In your eyes I can see everything.Tengo mucha fà © que los van a rescatar a todos vivos. I have a lot of faith that they are going to rescue everyone alive. To Repeat the Object of a Verb in a Relative Clause   Sometimes people will use a grammatically unnecessary object pronoun in a relative clause (one that follows a  subordinate conjunction). For example, in Hay otros aspectos del gobierno que los aprendemos (There are other aspects of the government that we learned), the los isnt needed, but it helps link aprendemos to aspectos. This usage isnt particularly common and is sometimes considered grammatically incorrect.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Marketing - Essay Example Procter & Gamble has one of the largest portfolios of consumer brands that are commonly known in the household, such as Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Pantene, Bounty, Always, Folgers, Downy, Crest, Olay, Pringles, Actonel, Wella, lams, Gillette, and Charmin. Its community consists of over 138, 000 employees in over 80 countries worldwide, making P&G a company whose products reach households of different nationalities. The company started as a small, family-operated soap and candle business, which later transformed into a big transnational corporation that provides products and services of superior quality and value to consumers in more than 180 countries. Procter & Gamble is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio whose focus of manufacturing is a wide range of consumer goods. As of 2008, it has placed itself as the 14th largest US company by profit and 23rd by revenue. In 2007, it was placed 10th in Fortune’s Most Admired Companies list.1 It was recorded t hat it spent more on U.S. advertising than any other company in 2007, doubling the $2.62 billion spent by General Motors.2 Procter & Gamble was founded in 1837 by William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker. William Procter was an immigrant from England while James Gamble was from Ireland who both settled in Cincinnati and met each other when they married sisters Olivia and Elizabeth Norris.3 As electricity became more and more common, the company stopped producing candles in 1920 and as it grew larger in the early 20th century, it began building factories in other parts of the United States because of a high demand of products outgrowing the Cincinnati facilities. P&G also became known for its research laboratories in the 1900s, in which chemists produced new products. It also pioneered in the area of market research, probing on product appeal and consumer needs. When radio became popular in the 1920s

Safety management on a construction jobsite Research Paper

Safety management on a construction jobsite - Research Paper Example â€Å"Safety management system is a documented set of policies, procedures and work instructions that describe how a business manages and minimises the risk of injury to its workforce† (Gardener). This paper tends to explore the potential ways in which the construction jobsite safety can be managed. Essentials of safety management: Safety culture: Safety culture is defined as â€Å"the enduring value and priority placed on worker and public safety by everyone in every group at every level of an organization† (Wiegmann et al. cited in Wiegmann, Thaden, and Gibbons 3). â€Å"Norms and rules for dealing with risk, safety attitudes, and reflexivity on safety practice† are three components of a healthy safety culture (Pidgeon). Thus, by establishing a rich safety culture, management essentially involves each and every individual into the process of safety management, and the results thus derived are effective and long lasting. The safety culture can be best implemente d by preparing and strictly working upon a safety plan. The safety plan: The construction jobsite safety plan lays pattern to secure the health and safety of each and every individual on the site. The plan necessarily deals with the following areas: Assessment of health and safety threats originating both in the jobsite as well as in the areas surrounding it. Selection of appropriate methods, ways and means to reduce the risk and change it into opportunity Conduction of regular safety checks on the site Establishment of a well developed system to monitor and ensure that the safety plan is being complied with by every member in the hierarchical structure of the management as well as the workers. Factors that need to be included into a construction jobsite safety plan are as follows: Assessment of the abilities of organizational members and assignment of specific responsibilities related to safety management according to the individuals’ abilities. Evaluation of methods to iden tify hazard like task analysis Development of methods to investigate and report the accidents that may occur on the jobsite Establishment of procedures to be followed in cases of emergency caused by earthquake, fire breakout, and chemical spill etc Identification of strategies that would ensure quick and effective communication among individuals and the members concerned Assessment of the need and frequency of safety meetings Establishment of a comprehensive audit programme for the site safety Once the jobsite safety plan has been made, there are several factors that need to be taken care of throughout the four phases of project including project planning, designing, procurement and construction. Stage 1 & 2 – Project planning and designing: In these phases, parties that are fundamentally carrying out the work are that of client and the designers or/and architects. In these phases, it should be made sure that the health and safety is given due consideration in the design deve lopment and project planning. Design of a project plays a decisive role in determining what safety measures need to be taken. The measures may vary from project to project depending upon the nature of work. Vertical construction has its own safety requirements that differ from those of the horizontal construction. In the planning phase, pre-tender requirements of the health and safety are established which the applying contractors are expected to comply with during construction. Stage 3 – Procurement: Teams involved in the procurement stage are client and contractors. In this stage, the tender document is

Alone, by Lisa Gardner :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alone, by Lisa Gardner, is a story about a police sniper, Bobby, who was called to a hostage situation and ends up taking actions he will later regret. What you see at first glance is not always what it really is. Bobby thought he saw one thing happening in the house on that night, but the truth was something he could never imagine. In November 1998 Catherine Gagnon had reached her final string. Lives were about to change with just the pull of a trigger. Bobby didn’t know that when he pulled that trigger he was going to be pulled into a whole tangle of lies and secrets. Bobby and Catherine’s lives are about to collide and become their worst nightmare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bobby Dodge had been out for another night on the job when they got the call from Catherine Gagnon. Bobby was a very well respected member of the Massachusetts State Police Special Tactics and Operations (STOP) Team for six years. He was good at his job and this call was just another routine night for him, or so he thought. Catherine Gagnon had a very disturbing childhood. She was kidnapped and kept in a man-made four-by-six prison built just for her. She stayed in the silence and in the dark for twenty-eight days wondering when her keeper would come back and she would be tossed around and played with like a rag doll. She was rescued on November 18, by hunters, and was dubbed the Thanksgiving Miracle. Catherine grew up but keeping this deep secret with her all along. She married Jimmy Gagnon, the son of a very powerful judge in Boston. Their marriage had not been all it was made out to be. When Bobby arrived at their house it appeared that Jimmy had been holding C atherine and their son, Nathan, hostage in their house and had a gun. Bobby was good at his job; he saw the signs of danger and fired. The threat was over. But for Bobby, the trouble was just beginning. Judge Gagnon was not very happy with the news of his son being shot and was going to try to press charges on Bobby for murder. He did not like his daughter-in-law and was convinced she was hurting his grandchild, Nathan. Nathan always seemed to be sick. Bobby had no idea who he was shooting when he pulled that trigger, he just knew he was saving a life.

The Current Marketing Environment of the Airline

This report will evaluate the current marketing environment of the airline industry in Europe. This will involve looking into different area of the airline industry such as deregulation and open skies, current economic conditions, distribution channels, pricing and revenue management. It has been proved that the airline industry is probably one of the most competitive and complex industry in the world. According to Mintel report (2009) in the past decade, air travel has grown by 7% per year. Travel for both business and leisure purposes grew strongly worldwide. Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year. In the leisure market, the availability of large aircraft such as the Boeing 747 made it convenient and affordable for people to travel further to new and exotic destinations. Distribution channels In all areas of marketing links must be made between the customer and the product. These links are known as distribution channels. Airlines use a variety of these channels. All of them are giving rise to particularly intense debate at the present time, because the different channels result in different costs, and because they vary in the extent to which they allow airline to exercise proper and necessary control of the channel. S, Shaw (Airline Marketing & Management, Fifth Edition, Page 194). Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) It’s impossible to talk about distribution channel in the airline industry without mentioning GDSs. For nearly twenty years, the subject of Global Distribution Systems has been a controversial one in the airline industry, and it remains so today. S, Shaw (Airline Marketing & Management, Fifth Edition, Page 204). Until the early 1970s, contact between airlines and their distribution outlets was mainly by telephone, this was both time consuming and costly and became unsustainable as the industry grew. As the 1970s preceded, the first, pioneering carries set out to automate airline/travel agency contact. In order to do so, direct links were provided from each agency location into the airline’s reservations computer. Instead of phoning, agents could use the keyboard of Visual Display Unit to make bookings direct with the airline concerned. Besides saving a great deal of time, this also gave agent visual confirmation that required reservation had been made. Airline today In the old, regulated environment, European airlines relied on external channels (travel agents, consolidators, tour operators) to distribute up to 90 percent of tickets. Distribution via these channels typically cost an airline 17 to 20 percent of the ticket price, accounted for by travel agency commissions (including bonus â€Å"overrides†), computer reservation company booking fees, credit card fees, and the airline’s own costs (such as its salesforce). Since then, CRS technology and economics have changed a lot: thanks to the development of alternative distribution channels, such as the airlines' Internet websites or their call centres, consumers have nowadays access to a multiplicity of information and booking channels for air transport services. About 40% of all airline tickets in the EU are booked via alternative channels and about 60% via travel agents and CRSs. Bookings made via the major global distribution systems (GDS) accounted for 64% of all airline passenger revenue in the U.S. in 2008 for U.S. point-of-sale transactions, but the figure has dropped below 50% in Europe, according to (Mintel report realised 2008) in the size, role and value of GDSs in travel distribution. The decline in Europe has been sharper, falling from 56% in 2006 and 51% in 2007 to 47% in 2008.The decline is attributable, in large part, to the rapid growth of low-cost carriers, such as Ryanair, that rely exclusively or primarily on direct bookings. 69% of the nearly â‚ ¬18 billion in air travel sold by European LCCs in 2008 was booked via their own Web sites. Deregulation and open skies Throughout its history, the airline industry has been constrained by decisions made by politicians and governments. Government have controlled where airlines can fly, and aspects of their product planning and pricing policies.’ They have also had a major involvement in the industry through the ownership of airlines. They have always had a role in regulating airline safety standards, a role that remains important and, principle, relatively non-controversial. For many years, and in almost all aviation markets, government controlled airlines’ route entry and capacity and frequency decisions. In recent years, substantial regulatory reform has taken place, giving carries the challenge and the opportunity of responding to a free economic environment. In describing the system of economic regulation of the airline industry, a fundamental distinction has always been between the regulation of domestic services which are solely under the control of one government, and international services, which require the agreement of at least two. Until relatively recently, almost all domestic travel market were highly regulated. The Agreement replaced and superseded previous open skies agreements between the US and individual European countries. Deregulation is also stimulating competition, such as that from small, low cost carriers. The EU's final stage of deregulation took effect in April 1997, allowing an airline from one member state to fly passengers within another member's domestic market. Beyond Europe too, ‘open skies' agreements are beginning to dismantle some of the regulations governing which carriers can fly on certain routes. Low-Cost Airlines in Europe Budget airlines’ have been one of the main drivers of growth in intra-European travel, over the past decade. However, after a period of rapid expansion, it seems that the sector is now reaching maturity and that the growth is likely to slow down in the coming years. The low-cost business model is geared to short-haul routes, which allow for a quick turnaround of aircraft. As such, LCCs are increasingly in competition with other modes of travel, especially rail, which has undergone a substantial upgrading in recent years. The European Air travel today has many more cheap air travel options than a decade ago. The partial deregulation of air travel in Europe in the 1990s allowed the rise of low-cost airlines, and flying even short distances in Europe is often cheaper than taking the train. The days when national flagship carriers dominated air traffic and were regarded as national symbols are gone, and the fierce competition from low-cost airlines has led to bankruptcies and mergers of several large and reputable airlines. But with so many more airlines operating in Europe, comes the difficult choice for travellers to figure out how to get the best prices and the services they desire. Low-cost airlines have exploded onto the European market in recent years, and routes that were traditionally covered by national airlines now face the stiff competition of low-cost carriers. Current economic conditions The correct down fall of the economy has hit hard in all most every industry, but has hit even harder at the European airline industry. The air transport sector has been hit hard by the ongoing financial and economic crisis. Both demand and supply have been retreating at an almost unprecedented pace since early 2008. According to the IATA, international passenger demand fell by 5.6% in January 2009 compared to the same month in 2008, which was a full percentage point worse than the 4.6% year-on The current economic conditions cause consumers to make cutbacks. France, however, remains on a growth curve after several years of declining popularity. City and short breaks are increasingly popular as holidaymakers head for France for a quick-fix getaway. Even with the current economic conditions people are still using the air transport for quick getaway, †¢ European airlines affected The hardest hit has been the ‘flag carriers' who have suffered hugely due to the slump in premium and business travel, coupled with the sharp rise in fuel prices. British Airways Plc in November posted a larger than expected first-half loss and predicted revenue would slump by one billion pounds by the end of 2009. Germany's Deutsche Lufthansa AG in October provided a gloomy outlook for the airline industry and reported that its third quarter operating profit fell 21 percent. Air France-KLM posted a current operating loss of 543 million Euros for the six months ended in September, compared with a current operating profit of 592 million Euros for the same period a year earlier. Pricing and revenue management Pricing is a crucial activity for the air transport industry as airplane seats a perishable commodity. Before deregulation of the major air travel market, pricing were a relatively a simple matter, as carries generally enjoyed a monopoly, duopoly or at least a cartel situation with other carries on most routes. (Mintel June 2009) Since deregulation, the focus has switched towards filling the aircraft, which has led to greatly increased price discrimination (charging different customer segments different prices). The results has been rising load factors but decreasing real yield, as prices charged to marginal customers can be brought down to very low level (e.g. Ryanair) since the marginal cost of carrying one more passenger approaches zero.( Mintel 2009) Soaring fuel costs and impending EU Emissions measures spell danger for the industry. Load factors are also slipping, as a ‘golden period’ of fleet expansion threatens to cause a state of ‘over-capacity’. To maintain the cheap ticket model, carriers are going to have to drastically raise their ancillary revenues (in-flight sales, charges and add-ons) and increasingly expand into accommodation and transfer services, in order to cope with the economic and legislative storms they are flying towards.

Mark Twain Is The Pen Name Used By American Writer

Melissa Izzo Professor Rachel Braaten HUM 2235 24 October 2014 Mark Twain Mark Twain is the pen name used by American writer Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Twain is an iconic American author and humorist who used both his personal struggles and gifts as a writer, to impact society from the nineteenth century into the present. He came from a large family and was born in Florida, Missouri, and lived from 1835 to 1910. Two of Mark Twain’s works which become a staple of his career were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Like everyone else, Mark Twain had a personal life beyond his writings which consisted of a marriage and children. Lesser known of his works, Mark Twain published a science-fiction novel along with many short stories and essays. Toward the end of his life, Mark Twain experienced both fame and personal struggle, which led to his inevitable death. Samuel Langhorn Clemens was born on November 30th, 1835 to his mother and father, Jane Lampton Clemens and John Marshall. He was the sixth born of their children, who all stayed in the small town of Florida, Missouri until Twain was four years old. Then, in 1839, the family moved not too far, to the town of Hannibal in Mississippi. Sadly, at the age of thirteen, Twain had to leave school to become a printer’s assistance after his father died of pneumonia. Few people know where the pen name â€Å"Mark Twain† comes from. When he turned seventeen, Twain moved out of Hannibal to St. LouisShow MoreRelatedSamuel Clemens : The Father Of American Literature1614 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Literature is a literary genre that is one of the many branches formed from the much broader literary genre, English Literature. Stories such as The Great Gatsby, Of Mice and Men, The Crucible, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are all popular examples of American Literature. 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Twain was known for writing about issues of his time such as slavery, due to his style of honesty and truth he was known as one of the very first modernist writers. Mark Twain had many inspirations that motivated him to write his novels. The inspirations varied from events that he witnessed and experienced, people he met in his lifetime, other stories he read or heard about, and his environment. The writer knownRead MoreEssay on Twain is His Name, Even if He Was Born Samuel L. Clemens523 Words   |  3 PagesMany people have heard of Mark Twain, but his real name is Samuel L. Clemens. He is one of the most influential authors in writing, and he is the guy with the white suit and a cigar (Brown, Don). His career has inspired many to become authors, but he faced many challenges in his older years, which affected his ideal of becoming wealthy. Nevertheless, he has had an impact on American Literature, securing him a spot in the History Hall of Fame. Mark Twain had a typical childhood for his time, butRead More Biography of Mark Twain Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Mark Twain Mark Twain was a writer whose works revolved around his childhood experiences growing up on the Mississippi River. The main source of his writing was the time he spent in Hannibal, Missouri as a young boy. He also used his childhood friends in many of his work, such as modeling the character Sid in Huck Finn after his brother Henry. Twain also used the happy times in his life to express his feeling in his writings. Twain used the trials of his life to make his works humorousRead MoreMark Twain3000 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ Mark Twain’s Impact on American Literature. 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Then I looked through my entire English binder andRead MoreThe Secret Of Getting Ahead Is Getting Started1713 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.† - Mark Twain Writing imposing stories on a boy by the name of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn and the mighty Mississippi River, Mark Twain ventured the American soul with intelligence, optimism, and a keen eye for the truth. He became nothing less than a national treasure (AE Television). Early Life Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835, in a minute village of Florida, Missouri, he was the sixth child of Jane and John Clemens. AtRead MoreMark Twain Literary Devices1441 Words   |  6 Pagesher point across. A literary device is a technique used by an author to produce a special effect on his or her writing. On November 30th, 1835 a great author was born. His real name was Samuel Clemens, but went by a pen name of â€Å"Mark Twain†. For his time no one wrote like Twain because of his unique use of literary devices. His writing was hilarious and told the truth. There are three main ways that Mark Twain uses these different devices. Twain specifically uses the literary elements of tone, hyperbolesRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Mark Twain1322 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom living life and experiencing the hustle and bustle of a river town. Clemens later went on to become a riverboat pilot perpetuated by displaying his yearning for travel. While on the river Samuel’s pen name became the name we all know today, Mark Twain. A term that riverboat engineers used to describe the depth of the waters the boat traveled. Twain’s humoristic writing style was influenced by his days as an editor of a local newspaper. A news paper that was saturated with jokes and tallRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain922 Words   |  4 PagesSamuel Langhorne Clemens went under a pen name of Mark Twain when he began his career as a writer. Born on November 30, 1835, Mark Twain went on to write a couple of novels that have become known as an American classic. One of his most famous novels is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was published in 1884. The novel follows the journey and adventures of a boy named Huck and a runaway slave named Jim. In chapters twenty-one and twenty-two, Twain uses diction, character, and setting to establish